代词

英语 · 代词 人称、物主与反身代词　人称代词的格，形容词性与名词性物主代词，反身代词的构成与用法。

第1节 人称代词的主格与宾格　主格作主语：主格放在谓语动词前作主语。　宾格作宾语：动词与介词后面用宾格。　单独回答：口语里单独回答常用宾格。　答语里的代词：答语里的名词常换成代词。

第2节 形容词性与名词性物主代词　形容词性物主代词：放在名词前，不能单独用。　名词性物主代词：单独使用，后面不接名词。　名词性 = 形容词性 + 名词：用名词性的可以省去重复的名词。　its 与 it’s：its 是它的，it’s 是 it is。

第3节 反身代词　宾语就是主语自己：动作落回主语自己身上。　介词后的反身代词：介词的宾语是主语自己时也用。　强调「亲自」：放在句末，强调亲自去做。　复数用 -selves：复数形式是 -selves。

第4节 指示代词　空间上的远近：近处用 this，远处用 that。　时间上的远近：说现在用 this，说过去用 that。　后面接名词：后接名词时，单复数要一致。　指刚说的事：this、that 可以指刚说的事。

常见题型 用括号里所给代词的正确形式填空。　Please pass ______ the ruler.（I）　______ always plays games with us.（he）　Is this ______ dictionary?（you）　The red bike is ______.（she）

常见题型 选择正确的一项，把字母写在括号里。　— Who wants to try? — Not （　　）.　A. I　B. me　C. my　This is not my pen. （　　） is in my bag.　A. My　B. Mine　C. Me　The dog is wagging （　　） tail.　A. it’s　B. its　C. it　He only thinks about （　　）.　A. him　B. his　C. himself

常见题型 写出下列代词对应的反身代词。　I → ______　　you（单数）→ ______　he → ______　　she → ______　we → ______　　they → ______

常见题型 用 this、that、these 或 those 填空。　______ yellow socks here are good.　How much is ______ white bag over there?　Let’s eat hamburgers for lunch. Is ______ OK with you?

常见题型 每句有一处错误，在括号里写出改正后的词。　Me and Tom are good friends.（　　）　The book is her, not mine.（　　）　Look at the cat. It’s eyes are blue.（　　）　When I fell, I hurt me.（　　）

常见题型 用一个代词完成答语。　— Is this Jenny’s pencil? — Yes, ______ is.　— Whose bike is this? — It’s Bob’s. It’s ______.　— Who cleaned the room? — Lucy cleaned it ______.

拓展提高 用所给词的正确形式填空，每空一词。　My sister and I made the cake by ______.（we）　I can’t find my umbrella. Can I use ______?（you）　Tom’s room is bigger than ______.（I）　Don’t be too hard on ______, Linda.（you）　The children took care of ______ when their parents were away.（they）

拓展提高 读句子，在括号里写出「」里的代词所指的人或物。　Mr. Hu is our teacher. We all like 「him」.（　　）　I have a new bike. 「It」 is red.（　　）　Lucy and Lily are twins. 「Their」 mother is a nurse.（　　）　Is this your green pen? No. The blue pen is 「mine」.（　　）

拓展提高 选择正确的一项，把字母写在括号里。　Help （　　） to some fish, kids.　A. yourself　B. yourselves　C. you　The little girl is too young to dress （　　）.　A. her　B. hers　C. herself　— Is this your T-shirt? — No, （　　） is green.　A. my　B. mine　C. me　This is a photo of （　　） family.　A. we　B. our　C. ours

拓展提高 把下面每组两句合成一句，每空一词。　This is my book. That is your book. → This book is ______ and that one is ______.　Bob drew the picture. Nobody helped him. → Bob drew the picture ______.　The bag is Mary’s. → The bag is ______.

拓展提高 判断「」里的反身代词是作宾语还是表示强调，在括号里写「宾语」或「强调」。　When I fell and hurt 「myself」, she gave me a hug.（　　）　I should be allowed to make this choice 「myself」.（　　）　He is mean and only thinks about 「himself」.（　　）　The music was written by Abing 「himself」.（　　）

拓展提高 读短文，用合适的代词填空，每空一词。　Last weekend, Jim and ______ went to the park.（我）　______ took a lot of photos there.（我们）　Jim lost ______ camera, but a girl found it.（他的）　She gave it back to ______. Jim thanked ______.（他、她）　We enjoyed ______ very much that day.（我们自己）

英语 · 代词 不定代词与疑问代词　some 与 any 及其复合词，表示两者与三者以上的不定代词，other 一组，few 与 little，以及 who、whose、which、what。

第1节 some、any 及其复合词　some 用于肯定句：some 多用于肯定句。　any 用于否定与疑问：any 多用于否定句、疑问句。　请对方用时用 some：盼对方答应的问句用 some。　复合不定代词：作主语时，谓语用单数。

第2节 many、much、few 与 little　many 与 much：many 接可数，much 接不可数。　a few 与 few：修饰可数名词，带 a 是有一些。　a little 与 little：修饰不可数名词，带 a 是有一些。　单独使用：也可以单独代替上文的名词。

第3节 两者与三者以上　both 与 all：两者都用 both，三者以上用 all。　either 与 neither：两者中的任一个、一个也不。　none：三者以上一个也没有用 none。　each 与 every：each 可单独用，every 后接名词。

第4节 other 与 another　the other：两者中的另一个用 the other。　the others：一群里其余的全部用 the others。　others：泛指别的一些人或物用 others。　another：再多一个用 another。

第5节 疑问代词　who 与 whom：问人用 who，作宾语可用 whom。　whose：问「谁的」用 whose。　which：在一定范围里选用 which。　what：问事物或名称用 what。

常见题型 用 some 或 any 填空。　There are ______ apples in the fridge.　Is there ______ water in the bottle?　Would you like ______ tea?

常见题型 用括号里所给的词填空。　Did you go out with ______?（anyone / someone）　No. ______ was here. Everyone was on vacation.（No one / Anyone）　______ is wrong with my watch.（Something / Anything）

常见题型 用 few、a few、little 或 a little 填空。　Don’t worry. There is ______ time to go.　We took quite ______ photos there.　______ people know what happened.　There is now ______ hope of success.

常见题型 用 both、either、neither、all 或 none 填空。　Tom and Jim are ______ good at English.　If you run after two hares, you will catch ______.　I asked three friends, but ______ of them could come.　You can take ______ of the two books. I like them both.

常见题型 用 the other、the others、others 或 another 填空。　I have two balloons. One is red, and ______ is blue.　One of you is the performer, and ______ are observers.　Some kinds of dogs are less friendly than ______.　Add the onion and cook them for ______ 10 minutes.

常见题型 用 who、whose、which 或 what 填空。　— ______ volleyball is this? — It must be Carla’s.　— ______ is your favorite subject? — P.E.　— ______ are they? — They’re my grandparents.　— ______ festival do you like best, the Spring Festival or the Lantern Festival? — The Spring Festival.

拓展提高 每句有一处错误，在括号里写出改正后的词或短语。　Everyone are on vacation.（　　）　Would you like any tea?（　　）　There are much books on the desk.（　　）　Did you see interesting anything?（　　）

拓展提高 选择正确的一项，把字母写在括号里。　There is （　　） milk in the glass. Let’s buy some more.　A. little　B. a little　C. few　— Which of the two shirts do you want? — （　　）. They are both too big.　A. Either　B. Neither　C. None　I have （　　） friends here, so I don’t feel lonely.　A. a few　B. few　C. a little　This cup is broken. Please give me （　　）.　A. other　B. the other　C. another

拓展提高 根据答语，用一个疑问代词完成问句。　— ______ is called “the saint of tea”? — Lu Yu.　— ______ hair band is this? — It might be Linda’s.　— ______ teachers will you miss the most? — Mr. Brown and Ms. Lee.

拓展提高 用括号里的词改写句子，使意思不变，每空一词或一个复合词。　I bought nothing.（anything）→ I didn’t buy ______.　There is something in the box.（anything）→ There isn’t ______ in the box.

拓展提高 读句子，在括号里写出「」里的词所指的范围（两者 / 三者以上）。　You can choose 「either」 of the two colors.（　　）　「None」 of the five students was late.（　　）　「Both」 my parents are teachers.（　　）

拓展提高 读短文，用合适的不定代词填空，每空一词。　Last summer, I went to Sanya. It was my first time there, so ______ was really interesting.　I bought ______ for my parents, but ______ for myself.　— Why didn’t you buy ______ for yourself?　— I didn’t really see ______ I liked.

英语 · 代词 it 与代词的指代　it 作形式主语与形式宾语，one、that、those 的替代，代词在语篇中的指代。

第1节 it 作形式主语　代替不定式：真正的主语是后面的不定式。　代替从句：真正的主语是后面的从句。　It takes … to do：「花了多少时间做」用 it 开头。　It is said that …：据说、据估计，用 it 开头。

第2节 it 作形式宾语　find it + 形容词 + to do：先说感受，再说是什么事。　make it clear that …：真正的宾语是 that 从句。　think it + 形容词：think、consider 也这样用。　it 不能省：形式宾语 it 不能省去。

第3节 one、ones、that 与 those　one 与 it：one 指同类，it 指那一个。　ones：ones 代替前面的复数名词。　that of：that 代替单数或不可数名词。　those of：those 代替复数名词。

第4节 语篇中的指代　人称代词回指：人称代词回指上文的名词。　this 与 it 回指一件事：this、it 可以回指上文说的事。　性别不明时用 they：性别不明的人可以用 they 指代。　先在上文找所指：读到代词先回上文找所指。

常见题型 用 it、one、ones、that 或 those 填空。　I don’t have a ruler. Can you lend me ______?　The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ______.　The weather here is warmer than ______ in Beijing.　The houses in the city are more expensive than ______ in the country.

常见题型 用 it 作形式主语改写句子，每空一词。　To speak a foreign language is very helpful. → ______ is very helpful ______ speak a foreign language.　To finish the project took me three days. → It ______ me three days to finish the project.　That she keeps a balance is important. → It’s important ______ she keeps a balance.

常见题型 把句子补充完整，每空一词。　He finds ______ very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.　He made ______ quite clear that he preferred to study English.　I think ______ important to read every day.

常见题型 选择正确的一项，把字母写在括号里。　（　　） is said that the bridge will be finished next year.　A. This　B. That　C. It　These bad habits could lead to more serious （　　）.　A. one　B. ones　C. it　Compare the number of your online friends with （　　） of your real friends.　A. that　B. those　C. it

常见题型 在括号里写出「」里的代词所指的内容。　China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but 「it」 has made great progress.（　　）　New ideas and values gradually replaced old 「ones」 from the Middle Ages.（　　）

常见题型 判断「」里的 it 是指上文的事物，还是形式主语或形式宾语，在括号里写「指代」「形式主语」或「形式宾语」。　I bought a new bike. 「It」 is blue.（　　）　「It」 took me three days to finish the project.（　　）　He finds 「it」 hard to get up early.（　　）　If you see one in the wild, you shouldn’t pick 「it」 up.（　　）

拓展提高 用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语改写句子，每空一词。　To master a foreign language is very important. → It’s very important ______ master a foreign language.　Whether my paper will be well received remains to be seen. → ______ remains to be seen whether my paper will be well received.　She found that to make friends at the new school was easy. → She found ______ easy to make friends at the new school.

拓展提高 每句有一处错误，在括号里写出改正后的词。　I think very important to have a good sleep.（　　）　The population of China is larger than those of Japan.（　　）　Someone left their bag here. Please give them to the teacher.（　　）

拓展提高 选择正确的一项，把字母写在括号里。　— Do you have a dictionary? — Yes, I have （　　）.　A. it　B. one　C. that　— Where is the dictionary I gave you? — I put （　　） on the desk.　A. it　B. one　C. that　The students in Class One work harder than （　　） in Class Two.　A. that　B. those　C. ones　We all thought （　　） a pity that she missed the game.　A. that　B. this　C. it

拓展提高 读下面的段落，在括号里写出「」里的词所指的内容。　Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating and sleeping, so interaction with humans can cause 「them」 a lot of stress.（　　）　Because of 「this」, the government began to make laws against touching koalas.（　　）　So, if you see 「one」 in the wild, you shouldn’t approach it.（　　）

拓展提高 用合适的代词填空，每空一词。　Their eyes barely move. ______ is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.　Let’s keep our voices low — someone is taking ______ naps in the classroom.　The climate of Kunming is milder than ______ of Harbin.　I lost my umbrella yesterday, so I have to buy a new ______.

拓展提高 用括号里的词与 it 完成句子，每空一词。　To live in the countryside is pleasant. → We find ______ pleasant ______ live in the countryside.（find）　We must keep the classroom clean. We must ______ ______ a rule to keep the classroom clean.（make）